About NAKSHA
NAKSHA (NAtional geospatial Knowledge-based land Survey of urban HAbitations) is a pioneering one-year pilot programme launched by the Department of Land Resources (DoLR) under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP). It aims to revolutionize urban land records across 157 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in 27 States and 3 Union Territories, covering over 4484 sq. km and benefiting 1.5 crore+ citizens.
Using cutting-edge aerial and field survey techniques, NAKSHA is building a comprehensive, GIS-integrated database of urban land parcels. The initiative is being implemented with the technical support of Survey of India, NICSI, MPSeDC, and five national Centres of Excellence.
Why NAKSHA
With over 600 million people projected to reside in Indian cities by 2031, the need for accurate and accessible urban land records has never been more critical. NAKSHA plays a pivotal role in addressing this demand by enabling transparent property ownership, streamlining urban planning processes, and supporting better infrastructure development. It also contributes to enhancing municipal revenue collection, strengthening disaster preparedness and response, and boosting public trust and private investment through reliable, legally certified land data.
Three Methodologies of Aerial Survey
1.2D Nadir Camera – ORI, DEM, 2D dataset : (80 ULBs)
Oblique Angle Camera (5 cameras) – ORI, DEM, 3D reality Model, 3D GIS dataset: (48 ULBs)
Oblique Angle Camera (5 cameras) and LiDAR sensor – ORI, DEM, 3D reality Model, 3D GIS dataset, Bare earth: (24 ULBs)
NADIR Camera
Oblique Camera
LiDAR Sensor
Aerial sensor utility:
2D Nadir Camera ORI for planned cities, flat roofs, 1-2 storey, clear roads, used in SWAMITVA
Oblique Angle Camera: more vertical cities with apartment complexes and congested cities
Oblique Angle Camera and LiDAR sensor: mountainous, very congested old cities, tree canopy density
Flying instrument (UAVs) can be:-
Drones: Slower, smaller swathe, less stable, low investment, Damages
Aeroplanes or Copters: Faster, larger swathe, more stable, high investment
